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- Fleig, Daniel, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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The fate of sulphur during oxy-fuel combustion of lignite
- 2009
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; 1:1, s. 383-390
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This work focuses on the sulphur chemistry in oxy-fuel combustion of lignite. Comparison is made with air-fired conditions, and the main combustion products containing sulphur (ash, SO2, SO3 and H2S) are examined by modelling and experimental data. The conversion of fuel-S to SO2 is lower in oxy-fuel than in air-fuel conditions and the SO2 concentration per unit energy supplied is therefore reduced. The modelling shows that the SO3 concentration is about four times greater than the concentration in air-firing. High SO3 and H2O contents in the oxy-fuel flue gas during wet recycling increase the acid dew-point by 20 to 30 K.
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- Kjärstad, Jan, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Recommendations on CO2 transport solutions
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this report is 1) to recommend transport solutions for CO2 sources in the Nordic region, here defined as the least costly transport mode for the selected CCS cases in NORDICCS and 2) to analyze the potential for establishment of CO2 clusters by means of a transportation network around the selected CCS cases in order to reduce the transportation cost. Comparing cost for pipeline transport with cost for ship transport, it is concluded that both for the majority of the selected cases as well as for most of the emission sources in the region, ship transport will be the least costly transport mode for each source individually. It is also concluded that ship transport is the most appropriate transport mode for most of the potential clusters in the region during a ramp-up phase. This is closely related to underutilization of pipelines and risk taking in connection with underutilized pipelines. For distances shorter than 100 km and volumes smaller than 1 Mtpa, e.g. corresponding to a typical collection system containing multiple coastal sources, it has been calculated that onshore pipeline in most cases will be the least costly transport solution. More generally, it can be stated that the break-even distance where ship transport becomes least costly than pipeline transport increases as the volume increases. Yet, it should be emphasized that discharge from a ship offshore and positioning of smaller ships during injection will need to be demonstrated. An obvious but still important conclusion is that constrained storage capability may have a profound impact on design and cost of a CO2 transport system. In fact, a poor storage capability in the reservoirs in the Baltic Sea may render ship transport to Gassum and Utsira a less costly transport and storage option than the reservoirs in the Baltic Sea. Finally, it is concluded that in the Nordic region, the Kattegat-Skagerrak area probably offers the best opportunities for a Nordic CCS system, possibly driven initially by CO2 EOR which potentially may require a start-up already in 2020.
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- Kjärstad, Jan, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable use of energy carriers in the Kattegat/Skagerrak-region - a regional case study
- 2013
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Ingår i: The 8th Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, SDEWES Conference Dubrovnik, Croatia, September 22-27, 2013.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper reports on a recently initiated interregional project on sustainable use of energy carriers in the Kattegat/Skagerrak-region (KASK) in Norway and Sweden. The work analyses and models large-scale integration of renewable power, the potential of process integration and energy efficiency improvements in key industries in the region and identifies cost efficient solutions for an energy efficient building stock. Energy and emission statistics along with energy and climate plans are used to investigate how well the current “path” with regard to energy use and GHG emissions fits within the corresponding plans for the region. The statistics is also used to define a Reference Energy System (RES) for the region which gives a structured mapping of the energy system of the region, comprising supply, conversion and end-use of the different energy carriers/sources in the region. Based on the analysis the aim of the project is to propose one or more pathways in the short, medium and long term towards a sustainable energy system in the region. The initial work shows that final energy use for parts of the region has actually increased by 25% since 1990 while GHG emissions have declined only marginally, by 3%. Furthermore, although most municipalities in the region have targets or at least visions on significant reductions both with regard to energy use and GHG emissions they lack a clear description (pathway) of how to reach these targets (visions). This clearly indicates that thorough analysis of the energy system in the region could provide valuable insights to decision makers and stakeholders on requirements and challenges for transforming the energy system to reach the visions.
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- Biermann, Max, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Steel Mills as Carbon Sinks
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The iron and steel industry is one of the industries with the largest global contribution to CO2 emissions. Possible mitigation options include use of biomass and carbon capture and storage. Combining these two mitigation options, this study evaluates the potential for BECCS at an integrated steel mill in Sweden. The injection of pulverized biocoal from torrefaction or pyrolysis into a blast furnace and CO2 capture by amine absorption of the blast furnace gas leaving at the top of the furnace can reduce CO2 site emissions by up to 61 %, when accounting for negative emissions (biogenic CO2 being captured). The mitigation cost are estimated to 43 – 100 € per tonne CO2 avoided, depending primarily on biomass prices and the share of biomass used in the process (the study assumes a cost effective capture rate of 84%). Besides a reduction in CO2 emissions, the study highlights the potential for green by-products from injecting biogenic carbon into the blast furnace in the form of renewable electricity and CO2 neutral steel. The study concludes that it is theoretically possible to reach carbon neutrality or even net-negative emissions in an integrated steel mill, but this would require considerable process changes and high demand of biomass. Nonetheless, the implementation of BECCS based on feasible biomass injection volumes in integrated steel mills is interesting as a near-term and possibly cost-effective option for CO2 mitigation.
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